Article

Adjectives ‘a’ (or) ‘an’ and ‘the’ are called articles.
A/an means one.
‘a’ (or) ‘an’ is called the indefinite article, because it doesn’t point out any particular person or thing.
(e.g.) a boy (one boy)   an ass (one ass)
‘the’ is called the definite article, because it is used to speak of some particular person or thing.
(e.g.) the boy           the ass

Use of ‘a’ or ‘an’
‘a’ is used before a noun beginning with a consonant or consonant sounds.
(e.g.)
a lady, a year, a union, a university, a European, a one-way road, a history student.

‘an’ is used before
1).words beginning with a vowel (a,e,I,o,u) or vowel sound
(e.g.) an Englishman, an Indian, an umbrella, an ant, an orange.
2).words beginning with silent ‘h’
(e.g.) an hour, an honest man

Use of ‘the’
‘the’ is used to refer a particular persons or thing.
(e.g.) : The workers of this office are very sincere.

‘the’ is used before names of
Rivers, seas, oceans, gulfs, bays, mountain ranges, groups of islands, famous buildings, famous books, ordinal numbers, important posts, places if the names are in plural, newspapers, places if the names are in plural, newspapers, places having ‘union’ or ‘united’ in them, musical instrument, directions, superlative degrees of adjectives.
Examples:
The Ganges, the Himalayas, the Red sea, the Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal, the Andaman’s, the United States of America, the Bible, the Quran, the Mahabharata, the Times of India, the East, the First, the best book tec.

‘the ’ is not used before
Proper nouns, names of single mountain, streets, days of the week, months of the year, material nouns etc.

Try this:
 Use ‘a’ or ‘an’ before each of the following:
1). ----------------- American
2). ---------------- Hindu custom
3). --------------- M.C.A degree
4). ---------------- young lady
5). ---------------- uniform
6). -----------------honest person
7.) -----------------hostel
8.) I saw----------------- old man with ----------------umbrella. -----------------umbrella was new.

Adverbs

Words which tell more about verbs are called “Adverbs”.
In general, these words answer for the questions.

Here	The action
Where
When

Is	done
Was
Wil be

Kind of adverbs
Adverb of manner:    Adverbs of manner answer the question – “how”’?
                                      E.g. The old man walked slowly.     She ran fast.
Adverb of place:       Adverbs of place answer the question- “where”
                                      E.g. He lived here.            They are waiting outside.
Adverb of time:       Adverbs of time answer the question- “when”?
                                     E.g. He came yesterday.  She left early.
Adverbs of number:  Adverbs of number answer the question- “how often”?
                                      E.g. He was very tired.   The sun is extremely hot.

Try this:
Pick out the adverbs from the following

1. The child slept soundly.
2. He worked hard.
3. We live there.
4.  Come in.
5. Wasted time never returns.
6. I will return soon.
7. He is so honest.
8. You are quite wrong.
9. She often visits her friend.
10. He seldom reads newspaper.           

Adjectives

An adjective is a word that is used to add something to the meaning of a noun.
(e.g.) Intelligent boy
Here boy is a noun and intelligent is the word used to describe the noun (boy) so it is an adjective.

Kinds of adjective:
Adjectives of quality:       (e.g.) Brave king, beautiful flower, hot day, tall building
Adjectives of quantity:    (e.g.) much money, little food, whole cake, enough bread
Adjectives of number:     (e.g.) many women, seven rupees, some boys, enough bread
Distributive adjectives:   (e.g.) every word, each girl, neither boy, either pen
Demonstrative adjectives:  (e.g.) this pen, those books, that bike, these apples
Interrogative adjectives:  (e.g.) whose book, what color, which language

Try this:
Underline the adjectives
1. A funny little man
2. A few words
3. many times
4. An empty vessel
5. The wide roads.

The Sentence

A Sentence:
A group of words that makes complete sense is called a sentence.
A sentence always begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop.
A sentence has a verb.

Kinds of sentences:
1. Statements:
A sentence that states something is called a statement. (e.g.) The boys made noise.
2. Interrogative:
A sentence that asks a question is called an interrogative sentence. (e.g.) Why are you late?
3. Imperative:
A sentence that expresses a command, a request or a desire is called an imperative sentence. (e.g.) stand up. Please do this. Let me work.
4. Exclamatory:
A sentence that expresses some strong or sudden feelings is called an exclamatory sentence. (e.g.) How beautiful the Tajmahal is!

Subject and Predicate
Subject:
The name of the person or things we speak about is called the subject.
Predicate:
What we say about the subject is called the predicate.
Examples: Sita came here
                    (s)       (p)
                 The elephant    has a long trunk
                           (s)                       (p)
                  Ramu   is my friend
                     (s)             (p)
Try this:
Underline the subject and predicate:

1. My friend will come here tomorrow.
2. They are playing tennis.
3. My mother cooks deliciously.
4. I want to become a doctor.
5. God creates everything.